Talk given at the Physikalisches Kolloquium, called for by the University Library Bielefeld.

The current version profitted from helpful comments by Wolfgang Binder. The professional and lively discussion at the talk is acknowledged.

Link to this document: www.staff.uni-oldenburg.de/eberhard.hilf/vortraege/bielefeld06/bielefeld-browse.html and as (slides )

Comment: ISN GmbH develops services for scientific document management (for authors, users, research groups, departments, University Libraries and Journals).

Urheberrechtsverfügung: You may read, download, use in your own talks any or all of these slides, provided you cite and give a link to http://www.isn-oldenburg.de/~hilf/vortraege/bielefeld06

Information Management Requirements for research work have and will never change:

• have actual relevant quality information avaliable for local usage (be informed);
• Have the highest possible impact on the progress in science (impact).

1. Authors to put a copy of their new scientific documents Open Access to increase citation and impact;
2. Readers to learn to make use of the emerging intelligent field-specific search services (especially in physics and related fields);
3. Departments/Universities to apply new metrics for measuring scientific impact to compete for visibility, researchers, students, and money.

• What are national and international plans for digital services?
• Where does the commercial market of publishers and service providers go?
• What will be a good strategy and practise for all of us?

A. Eternal Requirements for scientific information management

• all (documents from all researchers);
• complete (including text, computer code, full exp.data, etc.);
• timely (immediately after paper is released);
• relevant (filtered for the requesting from irrelevant;)
• usable (readable, downloadable, ready for subsequent local processing);
• barrierfree: free of charge for the reader (maximal readership).

B. The Paper Age Solution and Value Chain

• author writes, sends in, and waits.
• publisher organizes refereeing, editoring, adding to journal/volume, marketing, distribution, encashment.
• Local library has to pay,
• reader has to know in which journal/volume and order-and-pay (30 US$/doc.)

• all? (Harvard has 40%)
• complete? (publications are just short text-sketches [forgery-prone]);
• timely? (delay of several months);
• relevant? (assumption of publisher, not reader [Nuclear Physics case])
• usable? (just readable, and paper-copy);
• barrierfree? (high price business model; pay before you read).

C. Principal Prospects of the Internet Age

• all: free to read Webposting of a copy by author-institution; (Open Access)
• complete: memory capacity infinite and cheap.

• timely: immediate upon web-posting;

• relevant: filtering by service providers, search engines, own filters;

• usable: (download, re-use in local programming, etc.);

• barrierfree: read before you pay for extra services such as

  printing on demand, refereeing, related material search, translation, ..)

1. all: make the digital version of all your documents the principal original [Ed Fox: 1999]
2. complete: give the complete information [DFG good practise rules]
3. timely: do it prior to refereeing; [London misuse Conference]
4. relevant: attach tags to tell search engines what you mean [metadata language DC]
5. usable: use international exchange formats and Markup Languages [latex, txt, html,..; PhysML, MathML,..]
6. barrierfree: post it (or let it be posted) on a web-server.

1. Professional desire to get read, to make an impact to the progress of science
   
2. Desire to make a career in his/her profession.

1. Choose the server with the highest quality service [see below]
   
2. Distribute first, publish then (as Fermi started in 1932).
   
3. Rely on impact metrics [Euroscience, Cornell U., DINI-network, .!!..].
   
4. Know and use your citations [they jump [A. Swan, page 5] by a factor of 2-10 for OA].

A. the personal Repository (Author's Archive of web-posted documents)

Wide range of Quality (with regard to the aim of impact)

1. no or just an image of a pR
   
2. just a text list of citations with no links to document
   
3. ... but with links
   
4. ... but with links and metadata [example; webform: siehe die Liste nützlicher Werkzeuge: MyMetaMaker]

Status of personal Repositories: a little testing

• Difference of Culture [Physics (40%), Theology (0 %); Education (10%)]

• Different motivation of authors [most are either 100% or 00% and do not change]

• Little change over the last 6 years (no contact to experts?)
  Physics: 2000-2005: 24% 35% 49% 40% 41% 41%

• OA rate independent of allowed or not (no knowledge of rights)

• Most (90%) of publishers including Elsevier allow selfarchiving ROMEO-List

• Little knowledge on Metadata inclusion (MMM), and on use of search engines.

• Few know and have networked their community [ (CSN)]

Networking personal Repositories

• All Physics Institutions worldwide (Webservers, Publication lists, etc.)

• Direct editing by every institution of their data [go to Bielefeld and click the ''i'' button in front.]

• Dynamic programmed services: distance to next physics institution;

• Stable service: 20 independent active mirrors, regional information gathering

• Funded by EPS European Physical Society

B. The IR Institutional Repositories

Thus: for shure the Universities will make excessive use of impact metrics in its struggle for money, students, scientists.

The competition between Universities is just beginning.

Let here other people, who's profession it is, work for you!

 

Wide range of type and quality of Institutional Repositories

1. plain document repositories
2. archive with some metadata
3. OAI-MPH 2.0 compliant repositories [world list of data- and service providers]
4. additional services: long term archiving, printing on demand, ..
5. DINI-certified IRs [quality services refereed!; national list]

• The number of IRs is rapidly growing worldwide (every University, ..)
  
• Most IRs are pretty empty, -- unkown to its local authors yet
  
• Those which flourish, have mandated delivery of document copies.
  [Southampton/UK, Tasman/Au, Minho [!!]

Networking Institutional Repositories

• Competetive OAi-Service-Providers [List]

• New Services which build on all available OAi-Documents
  
• Citebase, Citeseer, OAister, ...

• DINI Distributed Network of OAi-Data-Providers (2007)

• Citation data-base services
• Semantic similarity-search; Dynamic Thesauri
• Semantic Physics Language (PhysML) exploitation
• Distributed information exploitation (JEM-EU-Project Joining Education in Mathematics)

C: CR The Central Repositories

• ArXiv (since 1991) [operated by Cornell Univ.] [usage]
  Marketing method: authors using arxiv convince others.
  dn/dt = a n + b n (N-cn); the arxiv submission rate rises linearly since 15 years, and the differential equation explains this: nAuthors using arxiv convince new ones out of the N number of scientists worldwide. (a,b,c are parameters).
  Solution gives 50% coverage of the scientific literature in the year 2080 ...

• HAL [operated by CNRS, FR] [usage]
  Marketing method is by Government mandating of the research institutions. who reluctantly then start to comply.
  But already 50% of all of France will be covered by mid of 2008.

• German National Library [Dissertations] [usage]
  Marketing was by an interdisciplinary start-up DFG project and a supplemental contract between University libraries and the German National Library, causing an implicit mandating locally.
  About 50% coverage of all dissertations in Germany in Physics.

D: The Open Access Publishers

Prices range from 20 Euro/page (ACP) to 3.000- per paper (Springer et. al.)

Number of OA-Journals differs widely:
355: EZB-Physik

038: DOAJ

Prices for publishing are marginal, costs of refereeing/lectoring stay

 

A. Patience required

Phase Transition Theory predicts: Transition the faster the larger the number of constituents.
Example from cluster physics [go to figure with the complex plane pole diagram and read: horizontal axis is inverted temperature, vertical is related to time; The pole next to the horizontal axis determines by its distance the phase transition curve. The closer, the sharper; Distance is proportional to inverse of particle number.]
Classification of phase transitions in small systems; P.Borrmann et al.; PRL 84, 2511, 2000

B. Changes to qualitatively new products in Industry

1. keep old product as long as possible,
   
2. deny new developments in public [even legally: Urheberrechtsdebatte]
   
3. develop energetically new services
   
4. jump in second on the market.