Topic: Groundwater flow pattern

Topic: Groundwater flow pattern

Research topic 1: Groundwater flow pattern

A central component of this research topic is the reliable termination of submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) fluxes and their spatial and temporal variability. We apply a novel integrated approach by combining groundwater level information, tritium/helium groundwater ages, stable isotopes, GIS-based (geographic information system) groundwater recharge estimates and density-dependent groundwater flow modeling. Through this integrated approach we aim at (i) coherent estimates of the fresh and saline SGD fluxes and their seasonal variation and (ii) quantification of the uncertainty of these estimates. We also investigate short term variability driven by periodic and aperiodic events using a physical-optical rapid sensor assembly. Complementary to the hydrological modelling approach, radon tracing is used to acquire mass balances and estimate water residence times in the subterranean estuary. Finally, direct measurements using Lee-type seepage meters and a new automated seepage meter, developed in the scope of BIME, are employed to complement SGD volumetric flux estimates from numerical models and radon-based mass balances. Our results on SGD flow patterns and volumetric fluxes are fed into research topic 2 (Groundwater composition) and research topic 3 (Groundwater microbiology).

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