Natallia Pakhomchyk
Natallia Pakhomchyk
Literature, market and ideology. On the autonomous status of the Belarusian literary field in the first third of the 20th century
(PhD project by Natallia Pakhomchyk)
During this period, the Belarusian literary field was in the initial formation phase and represented a 'distant' case in relation to the model of French literature of the mid-19th century.
The specificity of the process by which the Belarusian literary field interacts with the other social fields is due to the political, social and cultural embedding in the changing heterogeneous "foreign" fields of power (Koler, Naumenko 2013), the relevance of national parameters, the transition to the Soviet system and the conditions of unstable economic policy (pre-revolutionary phase 1905-1916, wartime communism 1917-1921, NEP 1921-1928, forced collectivisation 1929-1931), and so on.
In this social space, other profit opportunities (hypothetically) also determine the different profile of the autonomy of literature. The Belarusian exchange rate between the different types of capital is apparently more favourable/profitable for those who possess the "ideological" resources to a greater extent. It problematises the principle of "reverse economy", on the basis of which the profile of literary autonomy is determined according to the French model. According to preliminary observations, there were positions in the Belarusian literary field at that time whose symbolic value was increased by the risk of not receiving ideological profits.
The systematic examination of these and other hypotheses is devoted to the task of determining the conditions of the functioning of the Belarusian literary market in the perspective of the interaction between economic principles in the social macrostructure and the profile of literary autonomy.
When analysing institutional autonomy, it is planned to systematically collect previously missing data that can provide information about the literary market, the literary system, reader profile and literary value formation processes in Belarus.
Based on the correlation between the conditions of literary production and the economic principles in the social macrostructure, as well as the principles by which the dominance of positions within this macrostructure is justified, the parameters according to which literary phenomena are assessed as indicators of autonomy on the aesthetic-poetological level will be specified. Here, an exemplary analysis of the positionings as potential manifestations of autonomy and their aesthetic-poetological procedures is provided.
The "theoretical-methodological approach" of the dissertation project is primarily the heuristic utilisation of Bourdieu's field theory and neoinstitutionalism. Furthermore, in the phase of analysing aesthetic-poetological autonomy, the parameters of correlation between extra-literary and intra-literary principles, in the sense of literary studies, determined during the preliminary phases, will be used.
In addition to insights into the functional conditions of the Belarusian market, 'symbolic goods' and the reflective potential for the systematic expansion or flexibilisation of the field model, the development of the field-theoretical context with regard to the recording of literary phenomena developing in socialist contexts is also expected.