Specification pattern:

Author's surname - comma - Author's first name - parenthesis - Year of publication - parenthesis - colon - Title - full stop - Subtitle - full stop - (for higher editions: edition number - comma) - Place of publication - colon - Publisher - full stop

Example:

Becker-Mrotzek, Michael/ Böttcher, Ingrid (2006): Developing and assessing writing skills. Berlin: Cornelson Scriptor.

Specification pattern:

Editor's surname - comma - Editor's first name - (ed.) - open parenthesis - year of publication - close parenthesis - colon - title - full stop - subtitle - full stop - (for higher editions: edition number - comma) - place of publication - colon - publisher - full stop

Example :

Bredel, Ursula/ Günther, Hartmut/ Klotz, Peter/ Ossner, Jakob/ Siebert-Ott, Gesa (eds.) (2003): Didactics of the German language - a handbook. Part 1.Paderborn: Schoeningh.

or:

Bredel, Ursula et al. (eds.) (2003): Didactics of the German language - a handbook. 1st instalment. Paderborn: Schoeningh.

Specification pattern:

Author's surname - comma - Author's first name - open parenthesis - Year of publication - close parenthesis - colon - Title - full stop - Subtitle of the essay - full stop - In - colon - Editor's surname - comma - Editor's first name - (ed.) - colon - Title - full stop Subtitle of the collective work - full stop - (for higher editions: number of the edition - comma) Place of publication - colon - Publisher - full stop - Page numbers of the essay - full stop

Example:

Günther, Hartmut (1997): Orality and Writing. In: Balhorn, Heiko/ Niemann, Heide (eds.): Sprachen werden Schrift. Orality - Writing - Multilingualism. Lengwill am Bodensee: Libelle. S. 64-73.

Specification pattern:

author's last name - comma - author's first name - open parenthesis - year of publication - close parenthesis - colon - title - full stop - subtitle of the article - full stop - in - colon - name of the journal - year - full stop - issue number - full stop - page numbers of the article - full stop

Example:

Spinner, Kaspar (2006): Literary learning. In: Praxis German. Vol. 33. H. 200. p. 6-16.

Specification pattern:

Author's last name - comma - author's first name - open parenthesis - year of publication - close parenthesis - colon - title - full stop - place of publication = URL - open parenthesis - comma - time - close parenthesis - full stop

Example:

Becker-Mrotzek, Michael (1997; 2004) Writing development and text production. URL: www.verlag-gespraechsforschung.de/2004/pdf/schreiben.pdf (22/04/2010, 9:02)

Specimen:

Author: Title. Read by. Place: Publisher Year.

Example:

Rowling, Joanne K.: Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone. Read by Rufus Beck. Munich: VERLAG 2002.

Specimen:

Title [ original title if applicable]. Director. Production location: Year.

Example:

Der Herr der Diebe [The Thief Lord]. Richard Claus. Germany/Luxembourg/UK: 2005.

Lippel's Dream. Lars Büchel. Germany: 2009.

Specimen:

Title [ original title if applicable]. Idea or director. Production location: Year.

Example:

The Simpsons[The Simpsons]. Matt Groening. USA: 1989 ff.

Eight hours is not a day. Rainer Werner Fassbinder. Germany: 1972/73.

Specimen:

Title (year). Media. Place: Publisher.

Example:

Romanticism. Panorama of German Literature (2001). CD-ROM. Berlin: Cornelsen.