• Please also note the general information on the homepage about the Physics internships for Environmental Sciences.
  

• Title page and cover pages as PDF file
• Table of contents and sequence of experiments as PDF file

General information on the basic practical course, on preparing and carrying out experiments, on keeping records, on using the computer, on setting up electrical circuits and on mechanical measuring tools; introduction to the MATLAB and ORIGIN programmes

• Foreword
• On the design of electrical circuits
• The use of computers
• Mechanical measuring tools
• University leaflet "Good academic practice"
• Safety instructions and laboratory regulations
• Exercise ORIGIN

Random and systematic errors, histograms of measured values, density function, Gaussian curve, probabilities, mean value and standard deviation, absolute and relative errors, errors of magnitude, error propagation, accuracy data, linear regression, linearisations, correlation, errors of weighted mean values; application example thread pendulum

• Instruction text

Block diagrams, functional principle and operating modes of electron beam and digital oscilloscopes, signal sampling, function generators, trigger types, AC/DC couplings, amplitude, frequency and phase measurements, mains voltage, measurement of light intensities, measurement of light pulses

• Photo of the experimental components
• Instruction text

Transducer, linearity, response time, measuring range, resolution, noise, bending rod, strain gauge, force sensor, piezoresistive effect, pressure sensor, pressure gauge, triangulation, laser distance sensor, Hall effect, angle sensor, semiconductor, doping, pn junction, barrier layer, photodiode, spectral sensitivity.

• Photo of the force and pressure sensor part of the experiment
• Photo of the laser distance sensor experimental section
• Photo of the photodiode part of the experiment
• Photo of the angle sensor
• Instruction text

Viscosity and kinematic viscosity, Stokes' law, falling ball method, capillary viscometer, laminar and turbulent flows, pipe flow, Reynolds numbers, continuity equation, Bernoulli's and Hagen-Poisseuille's law

• Photo falling ball method
• Photo capillary viscometer
  
• Photo pipe flow 1 / Photo pipe flow 2
• Film on the transition laminar / turbulent / laminar flow
• Instruction text

Optical imaging, focal length determination, Bessel method, optical instruments, spherical and chromatic aberrations, apertures and pupils, depth of field, magnification of angle of view, telescope

• Photo of the construction
• Photo of the telescope
• Instruction text as PDF file

Tear-off method, bubble pressure method, formation and shaping of minimal surfaces, capillary flows, mass transport in coffee stains, internal pressure of gas bubbles, force and pressure sensors

• Photo of the tear-off method experiment
• Film on the tear-off method (" Note)
• Photo of the bubble pressure method experiment
• Film of the bubble pressure method (" Note)
• Photo of the minimum surface area part of the experiment
• Photo of the internal pressure in gas bubbles part of the experiment
• Instruction text

Biot-Savart law, Helmholtz coils, stationary and non-stationary fields, torques in magnetic fields, induction coils

• Photo of the experimental section on the earth's magnetic field and Helmholtz coils
• Photo of the stationary magnetic field part of the experiment
• Instruction text as PDF file