(Summary in English below)

EMPLOYEES:

Sabine Anders-Marnowsky

CO-OPERATION PARTNER:

Institute for Polish Language of the Polish Academy of Sciences (Krakow)

Institute for German Language (Mannheim)

The aim is to create an electronic dictionary of German loanwords in Polish dialects (WbdLpD), i.e. a lexicographical database that will be published online in the Lehnwortportal German at IDS Mannheim. The latter already includes a historical dictionary of German loanwords in the Polish standard and written language. The WbdLpD will be linked with the latter and other dictionaries of German loanwords in Slavic and other languages that are already integrated in the LWPD. The content of the WbdLpD (like the entire LWPD) will be accessible via multiple search tools. Some of these are relevant for all dictionaries in the LWPD, others are specific to individual dictionaries. In addition to simple word-based search options, the LWPD will allow advanced users to build complex queries incrementally, targeting multiple words and various lexicographic attributes and relations, utilising Boolean operators, regular expressions, etc.

There is currently no lexicographical compendium of German loanwords in Polish dialects, although German loanwords in Polish have been the subject of research for over a hundred years and Polish (roughly on a par with Czech and Slovene) is probably the language with the largest number of Germanisms. Moreover, due to the migration of speakers of German to Polish-speaking areas over centuries, German-Polish language contact affects not only elites and urban populations, but also rural, i.e. dialect speakers. Thanks to the progress of work on the Słownik gwar polskich (SGP), a multi-volume dialect dictionary of Polish, a comprehensive lexicographical description has become realistic today. The published volumes and, above all, the huge card index of the SGP will be the central material basis of the WbdLpD. The SGP itself does not provide any information about the origin of the words.

The WbdLpD will (a) show the loanwords on the level of expression and content with variants of expression and derived words as well as the semantic affinity or distance to the German etymon; (b) show the semantic affinity or distance to the German etymon. (b) show the distribution of loanwords (their variants and meanings) in the Polish dialect area with a cartographic representation on the basis of a scheme that takes into account (i) the traditional dialectal division and (ii) the period of time in which individual Polish areas were under German-speaking rule. In addition, the extent of overlap between German loanwords in the Polish written language and in Polish dialects will be explored. Finally, the status of loan words as "insertions" (roughly: new words for new things), "replacements" (of older words) or "coexistence" (with an older word: synonymy or division of a semantic space between the loan word and the old word) will be determined.

German loan words in Polish dialects as a mirror of language contact: A multiple access dictionary on an online platform of German loans in other languages.

The project aims to compile an electronic Dictionary of German loan words in Polish dialects (DicGlPd). The DicGlPd will be a lexicographic database integrated into the online Lehnwortportal German (LWPD) at the IDS Mannheim. This portal already comprises a historical dictionary of loans in Standard (Written) Polish (WDLP). The planned dictionary will be linked with this and other dictionaries of German loans in Slavic and other languages that have already been integrated into the LWPD. The material in the DicGlPd (as the whole LWPD) will be accessible via multiple search instruments, some of which are shared by all dictionaries in the LWPD, and some of which are specific to individual dictionaries. Apart from simple expression-based or word-based search options, the LWPD will allow advanced users to incrementally construct, in an intuitive visual query builder, complex queries possibly spanning multiple words, their various lexicographic attributes and relationships, optionally using Boolean operators, regular expressions etc.

There is currently no lexicographic compendium of German loans in Polish dialects, although, firstly, German loans in Polish have been a topic in research for more than a century and, secondly, Polish is (roughly on a level with Czech and Slovene) probably the language with the highest number of German loans. Moreover, due to centuries of considerable levels of migration of speakers of German into Polish speaking areas there has been extensive language contact not only within elites or urban populations, but within rural populations / dialect speakers as well. An encompassing lexicographic description of German loans in Polish dialects has only now become possible due to the progress of work on the Słownik gwar polskich (SGP), a multi-volume dictionary of Polish dialects. The published volumes and the SGP's huge card index will provide the central material basis for the planned dictionary. The SGP itself does not provide any information on the provenience of the words it contains.

The planned dictionary will describe (a) loans on the expression and content plane, explicating formal variation and corresponding derived words as well as the formal and semantic correspondence or distance to the German etymon; (b) the distribution of the loans (all expression variants, all meanings) in the Polish dialectal space with cartographic representation according to a scheme that mirrors (i) the traditional dialectal division of Polish dialects and (ii) the time span during which Polish areas found themselves under German (speaking) rule. Furthermore, the degree of overlap between German loans in Written / Standard Polish and Polish dialects will be presented. The loans will be described in terms of their status as "insertions" (roughly new words for new things), "replacements" (of older words) or "coexistence" (with older words: synonymy or repartition of a "semantic space" between new loan and old word).