Goagoses, N., Pöchmüller, V., & Schüürmann, A. (2025). Parental rules and communication about alcohol and video gaming: Descriptive overview and associations with adolescents' alcohol consumption and gaming behaviours in Germany. Kindheit und Entwicklung, 34(4), 234–244. http://doi.org/10.1026/0942-5403/a000506
Abstract: Through rule-setting and communication, parents play a vital role in the socialisation of their children’s media and substance use. This study provides a descriptive overview of alcohol-specific parental rules and communication, as reported by adolescents in Germany. It examines their concurrent associations with adolescents’ alcohol consumption and video-gaming behaviours. By addressing both alcohol consumption and video gaming, the study captures how parents navigate two common adolescent behaviours that differ in social acceptability, typical frequency, and age of initiation. The sample consisted of 738 adolescents (413 female; Mage = 13.37) recruited from lower secondary schools in northern Germany. Participants completed a questionnaire assessing the rules and frequency of communication they received from their parents regarding alcohol consumption and video gaming. They also reported their alcohol consumption and time spent playing video games, and completed scales measuring problematic consumption and gaming. We present the frequency of specific rules and explore differences by age and gender. Strict parental rule-setting for alcohol was negatively associated with adolescents' weekend alcohol consumption and problematic consumption, while frequency of communication showed no association. Regarding video gaming, strict rule-setting and increased communication about gaming risks were positively associated with daily gaming hours and problematic gaming. These findings highlight the importance of parental involvement in setting rules and communicating to help adolescents navigate age-appropriate activities that can become excessive and lead to negative developmental outcomes.
Keywords: parental rules, parental communication, alcohol, video gaming, adolescence